Cause & effect

20 words

1. 1

   as a resultlinking phrase/əz ə rɪˈzʌlt/

   used to introduce the effect or outcome of something mentioned before

   “They invested little in maintenance; as a result, the building started to decay.”

2. 2

   be responsible forphrasal verb / verb phrase/bi rɪˈspɒnsəbəl fɔː/

   to have a duty for something or to be the cause of something

   “The manager is responsible for recruiting new staff.”

3. 3

   thereforelinking adverb/ˈðeəfɔː(r)/

   used to introduce a result or consequence of what has just been said

   “The company missed its targets; therefore, bonuses were cut.”

4. 4

   asconjunction/æz/

   because; used to introduce a reason

   “As it was snowing heavily, the school closed early.”

5. 5

   becauseconjunction/bɪˈkɒz/

   introduces a reason; links a clause that explains why something happened

   “I skipped breakfast because I was running late.”

6. 6

   play a part inphrasal verb / verb phrase/pleɪ ə pɑːt ɪn/

   to have an influence on or be one of the causes of something

   “Education plays a part in reducing poverty over the long term.”

7. 7

   socoordinating conjunction / linking adverb (informal)/səʊ/

   used to show result or consequence, common in spoken and informal written English

   “I was tired, so I went to bed early.”

8. 8

   thuslinking adverb/ðʌs/

   used to show the result or consequence; often used to summarise or conclude

   “The experiment failed to produce reliable data; thus, the hypothesis was rejected.”

9. 9

   because ofprepositional phrase/bɪˈkɒz əv/

   introduces a noun phrase giving the reason for something

   “The flight was delayed because of fog.”

10. 10

    result fromphrasal verb/rɪˈzʌlt frəm/

    to happen or exist because of something else; to be caused by something

    “Many health problems result from poor diet and lack of exercise.”

11. 11

    sincesubordinating conjunction / preposition/sɪns/

    used to give a reason (because) or to indicate time (from then until now); context decides the meaning

    “Since the roads were icy, several accidents occurred.”

12. 12

    forconjunction/fɔː(r)/

    because; used as a conjunction in formal/written contexts

    “He must be tired, for he has been working non-stop.”

13. 13

    contribute tophrasal verb / prepositional verb/kənˈtrɪb.juːt tuː/

    to help to cause something; to be one of the reasons for something

    “Air pollution contributes to respiratory illnesses in many cities.”

14. 14

    given thatsubordinating phrase/ˈɡɪvən ðæt/

    used to introduce a fact or situation that makes something else likely or understandable

    “Given that prices are rising, it's no surprise consumers are cutting back.”

15. 15

    hencelinking adverb/hens/

    for this reason; used to state a logical conclusion or inference

    “The roads were icy, hence the accidents.”

16. 16

    it follows thatlinker/ɪt ˈfɒləʊz ðət/

    used to introduce a conclusion that logically comes from the information just given.

    “All the evidence supports the hypothesis; it follows that the theory needs revising.”

17. 17

    lead toverb phrase/liːd tuː/

    to cause something to happen or to produce a particular result

    “Lack of sleep can lead to poor concentration.”

18. 18

    owing toprepositional phrase/ˈəʊɪŋ tuː/

    because of; used before a noun phrase to indicate the reason

    “Owing to the heavy rain, the match was postponed.”

19. 19

    due toprepositional phrase/ˈdjuː tuː/

    formal way to indicate cause, typically followed by a noun phrase

    “Attendance was low due to the public holiday.”

20. 20

    mean (that)verb phrase/miːn ðæt/

    to indicate, imply, or result in a particular situation or conclusion.

    “If this continues, it means that many people will lose their jobs.”