Society & Government

20 words

1. 1

   disenfranchisementnoun/ˌdɪsɪnˈfræn.tʃaɪz.mənt/

   the act of taking away someone's right to vote or participate in political processes

   “Widespread disenfranchisement of minority groups undermines democratic legitimacy.”

2. 2

   amendmentnoun/əˈmendmənt/

   a formal change or addition proposed or made to a law, constitution, or document

   “The proposed amendment to the constitution was debated for hours.”

3. 3

   constituencynoun/kənˈstɪtʃuənsi/

   a geographical area whose residents elect a representative; the group of voters represented by an elected official

   “After redistricting, she lost half of her constituency.”

4. 4

   entitlementnoun/ɪnˈtaɪtəlmənt/

   a right to receive something (often benefits or services) that is granted by law or policy

   “Many European countries guarantee healthcare as a social entitlement.”

5. 5

   dissentnoun/verb/dɪˈsent/

   Disagreement or refusal to accept a prevailing idea, policy, or decision; can be expressed as a noun or a verb.

   “Several members voiced their dissent at the committee meeting.”

6. 6

   mobilizationnoun/ˌməʊbɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

   the act of organising and encouraging people to take action or to use resources for a particular purpose

   “Voter mobilization campaigns increased turnout significantly.”

7. 7

   oligarchynoun/ˈɒlɪɡɑːki/

   a system of government in which a small group of people hold power and control

   “Critics claim the country is run by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen.”

8. 8

   redistributionnoun/ˌriːdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən/

   The act of reallocating income or wealth within a society, typically through taxes and social programs, to reduce inequality.

   “Progressive taxation is a common tool for redistribution.”

9. 9

   pluralismnoun/ˈplʊərəlɪz(ə)m/

   A social condition in which multiple groups, beliefs, or values coexist and are accepted within a single society.

   “Cultural pluralism can strengthen creativity and innovation in a society.”

10. 10

    activismnoun/ˈæktɪvɪz(ə)m/

    the practice of taking action to achieve political or social change

    “Youth activism has played a key role in climate demonstrations.”

11. 11

    gentrificationnoun/ˌdʒɛntrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

    The process by which wealthier people move into an area, raising property values and displacing lower-income residents.

    “Rapid gentrification has changed the character of many inner-city neighbourhoods.”

12. 12

    marginalizationnoun/ˌmɑːdʒɪnəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

    The process of making a group or person less important or relegated to the edge of society, limiting opportunities and rights.

    “Economic marginalization can lead to poorer health outcomes among affected groups.”

13. 13

    polarizationnoun/ˌpɒləraɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

    a process in which opinions, attitudes, or groups move to opposite extremes

    “Political polarization has made compromise between parties very difficult.”

14. 14

    sovereigntynoun/ˈsɒv.rɪn.ti/

    the supreme legal authority of a state to govern itself without external interference

    “Many leaders argue that protecting national sovereignty is essential for stability.”

15. 15

    federalismnoun/ˈfɛd(ə)rəlɪzəm/

    a system of government in which power is constitutionally divided between a central authority and constituent political units

    “Federalism allows regional governments to make decisions on matters like education and policing.”

16. 16

    decentralizationnoun/ˌdiːsɛntrəlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

    the process of transferring power or responsibility from central government to local authorities

    “Many argue that decentralization improves public services by making them more responsive.”

17. 17

    gerrymanderingnoun/verb/ˈdʒer.i.mæn.dər.ɪŋ/

    The practice of drawing electoral boundaries to give one party an unfair advantage.

    “Allegations of gerrymandering undermined public confidence in the election.”

18. 18

    incarcerationnoun/ɪnˌkɑːsəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/

    the state of being put in prison; imprisonment

    “The country has one of the highest rates of incarceration in the world.”

19. 19

    rehabilitationnoun/ˌriːəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/

    the process of restoring someone to health or normal life through therapy or training, especially after imprisonment or addiction

    “Rehabilitation programmes help ex-offenders find work and avoid reoffending.”

20. 20

    secularismnoun/ˈsɛkjʊlərɪz(ə)m/

    the principle of separating religion from civic affairs and government institutions

    “Secularism is often cited as essential for ensuring religious freedom in diverse societies.”