Science & Research

20 words

1. 1

   innovationnoun/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/

   the introduction of new ideas, methods, or products that improve something

   “Many tech companies invest heavily in innovation to stay competitive.”

2. 2

   sensitivitynoun/ˌsensɪˈtɪvəti/

   the ability of a test to correctly identify true positives; responsiveness to stimuli

   “The diagnostic kit's sensitivity was 92%, so few cases were missed.”

3. 3

   p-valuenoun/ˌpiːˈvæljuː/

   the probability, under a specified statistical model (usually the null hypothesis), of obtaining a result equal to or more extreme than what was actually observed

   “The effect was reported as significant because the p-value was 0.03.”

4. 4

   discoverynoun/dɪsˈkʌvəri/

   the act or process of finding something that was not known before

   “The discovery of a new antibiotic could save millions of lives.”

5. 5

   precisionnoun/prɪˈsɪʒən/

   the quality of being exact and consistent, especially in measurement

   “High precision in repeated trials shows the instrument is reliable.”

6. 6

   regressionnoun/rɪˈɡreʃən/

   a statistical method for modeling the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables, often used for prediction

   “In the paper they used linear regression to predict test scores from study hours.”

7. 7

   modelnoun/ˈmɒdəl/

   a simplified representation, often mathematical, used to explain, analyse or predict phenomena

   “The economic model predicted consumer behaviour under different tax scenarios.”

8. 8

   breakthroughnoun/ˈbreɪkθruː/

   an important development or discovery that solves a major problem or leads to progress

   “The team announced a breakthrough in battery technology.”

9. 9

   parameternoun/pəˈræmɪtə/

   a numerical characteristic of a system or model (for example, a coefficient in regression or a population mean) that is usually estimated from data

   “The intercept is a key parameter in the regression model.”

10. 10

    distributionnoun/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃ(ə)n/

    the way in which values are spread out or arranged across possible outcomes; also the act of giving or delivering something across a population

    “The income distribution in the city is highly skewed.”

11. 11

    fundingnoun/ˈfʌndɪŋ/

    money provided, especially by an organization, for a particular purpose

    “The project was delayed due to lack of funding.”

12. 12

    citationnoun/saɪˈteɪʃən/

    a reference to a published or unpublished source used to support a claim

    “Make sure every claim is backed by a proper citation.”

13. 13

    variancenoun/ˈveəriəns/

    a measure of how spread out a set of numbers is, calculated as the average squared deviation from the mean

    “The variance in test scores was higher for the online group.”

14. 14

    plagiarismnoun/ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/

    the act of using someone else's work or ideas without proper attribution

    “Universities have strict policies against plagiarism.”

15. 15

    efficacynoun/ˈefɪkəsi/

    the ability of an intervention to produce the desired effect under controlled conditions

    “Phase III trials are the main way to measure a vaccine's efficacy.”

16. 16

    consensusnoun/kənˈsensəs/

    general agreement among a group, especially experts or stakeholders

    “There is a growing consensus that climate change is human-made.”

17. 17

    robustnessnoun/rəˈbʌstnəs/

    the quality of remaining reliable or valid under a variety of conditions or after small changes

    “We tested the robustness of the model by changing the input data.”

18. 18

    transparencynoun/trænsˈpærənsi/

    the practice of being open about methods, data, and funding so others can assess or reproduce the work

    “Transparency in reporting conflicts of interest is essential.”

19. 19

    heterogeneitynoun/ˌhetərəʊdʒəˈniːəti/

    the presence of differences or diversity within a group, sample, or between studies

    “High heterogeneity among trials made it hard to combine their results.”

20. 20

    subgroupnoun/ˈsʌbɡruːp/

    a smaller, defined group within a larger sample, used for specific comparisons or analyses

    “We conducted a subgroup analysis for participants over 65.”