noun · academic
p-value
/ˌpiːˈvæljuː/p·VAL·ue
the probability, under a specified statistical model (usually the null hypothesis), of obtaining a result equal to or more extreme than what was actually observed
Examples
“The effect was reported as significant because the p-value was 0.03.”
“A low p-value suggests the observed data are unlikely under the null hypothesis.”
“Be cautious: a p-value does not measure the practical importance of a result.”
Band 8 sentence
“Although the p-value fell below 0.05, the effect size was small and of limited practical importance.”
Collocations
- p-value < 0.05
- report a p-value
Word family
Common mistakes
p value→p-value
the p-value are small→the p-values are small
Say it for a higher band
5probability→6significance→7+p-value
Synonyms
probability (in general speech)
Easily confused
significance level
“Researchers typically choose a significance level of 0.05 before collecting data.”
Related words
Learn this word with the rest of its set, and get reminded at the right time.
In Science & Research
Learn it with its set