Science & Research

20 words

1. 1

   data analysiscollocation/ˈdeɪtə əˈnæləsɪs/

   The process of examining data to discover patterns or draw conclusions.

   “After collecting the questionnaires, we ran data analysis to identify major trends.”

2. 2

   research designcollocation/rɪˈsɜːtʃ dɪˈzaɪn/

   The overall plan of a study that specifies methods of data collection, sampling and analysis.

   “A cross-sectional research design was chosen for the survey.”

3. 3

   research participantscollocation/rɪˈsɜːtʃ pɑːˈtɪsɪpənts/

   People who take part in a study, e.g. interviewed, surveyed or observed.

   “The research participants were aged between 18 and 25.”

4. 4

   primary datacollocation/ˈpraɪməri ˈdeɪtə/

   Data collected directly by researchers for the current study, such as interviews or surveys.

   “We collected primary data through face-to-face interviews with residents.”

5. 5

   focus groupcollocation/ˈfəʊkəs ɡruːp/

   A small group discussion led by a moderator to gather opinions or reactions.

   “We ran three focus groups to test students' reactions to the new curriculum.”

6. 6

   publish resultscollocation/ˈpʌblɪʃ rɪˈzʌlts/

   To make research findings publicly available, usually in journals or conferences.

   “The team plans to publish results in an international journal next year.”

7. 7

   scientific methodnoun phrase/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈmɛθəd/

   a systematic procedure for scientific investigation involving hypothesis, testing and analysis

   “Students learn the scientific method during lab classes.”

8. 8

   research fundingnoun phrase/rɪˈsɜːtʃ ˈfʌndɪŋ/

   money provided to support research projects

   “The university is seeking research funding for its climate project.”

9. 9

   research grantnoun phrase/rɪˈsɜːtʃ ɡrɑːnt/

   a specific amount of money given to fund a research project

   “She won a research grant to study pollution in rivers.”

10. 10

    research projectnoun phrase/rɪˈsɜːtʃ ˈprɒdʒɛkt/

    a planned study with specific objectives, methods, and a timeline

    “The students collaborated on a research project about urban pollution.”

11. 11

    fieldworknoun/ˈfiːldˌwɜːk/

    research conducted outside the laboratory or office, typically collecting data in real settings

    “The team spent three months doing fieldwork in rural villages.”

12. 12

    raw datanoun phrase/rɔː ˈdeɪtə/

    Data that have not been processed, cleaned, or analysed yet.

    “We backed up all the raw data before starting analysis.”

13. 13

    pilot studynoun phrase/ˈpaɪlət ˈstʌdi/

    a small-scale preliminary study conducted to evaluate feasibility, time, cost, and methods

    “They ran a pilot study to test the questionnaire before the full survey.”

14. 14

    research questionnoun phrase/rɪˈsɜːtʃ ˈkwestʃən/

    The main question that a study sets out to answer; it guides the whole research.

    “The research question should be clear before you choose methods.”

15. 15

    research ethicsnoun phrase/rɪˈsɜːtʃ ˈɛθɪks/

    moral rules and principles that govern how research should be planned and carried out

    “Many universities require training in research ethics before students start fieldwork.”

16. 16

    peer reviewnoun / verb/pɪə rɪˈvjuː/

    The process in which experts in the same field evaluate a scientific paper before publication; or the act of evaluating.

    “The article underwent peer review before acceptance.”

17. 17

    statistical significancenoun phrase/stəˈtɪstɪkəl sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

    A measure showing that results are unlikely to be due to chance; often reported using a p-value.

    “The difference was statistically significant at the 0.05 level.”

18. 18

    academic journalnoun phrase/əˈkædəmɪk ˈdʒɜːnəl/

    A scholarly periodical that publishes academic research, usually peer-reviewed.

    “She published her findings in an academic journal.”

19. 19

    methodological approachnoun phrase/ˌmɛθədəˈlɒdʒɪkəl əˈprəʊtʃ/

    the overall strategy and rationale for choosing specific methods in a study

    “The authors explained their methodological approach in a dedicated methods section.”

20. 20

    research teamnoun phrase/rɪˈsɜːtʃ tiːm/

    The group of people who carry out a research project, including researchers and assistants.

    “The research team collected samples over six months.”