Science & Research

20 words

1. 1

   research methodologycollocation/rɪˈsɜːtʃ ˌmɛθəˈdɒlədʒi/

   the overall approach and methods used in a study

   “Section two explains the research methodology in detail.”

2. 2

   sample sizecollocation/ˈsæmpəl saɪz/

   the number of subjects or units included in a study

   “The sample size of the survey was only fifty, which limited its reliability.”

3. 3

   data collectioncollocation/ˈdeɪtə kəˈlɛkʃən/

   the process of gathering information for analysis or research

   “Data collection took longer than expected because many respondents dropped out.”

4. 4

   experimental resultscollocation/ˌɛkspərɪˈmɛntəl rɪˈzʌlts/

   the outcomes obtained from scientific experiments

   “The experimental results contradicted the initial hypothesis.”

5. 5

   literature reviewnoun/ˈlɪtrətʃə rɪˈvjuː/

   a section in a thesis or paper that summarises and evaluates previous studies on a topic

   “My thesis begins with a short literature review on air pollution studies.”

6. 6

   statistical analysiscollocation/stəˈtɪstɪk(ə)l əˈnæləsɪs/

   the processing and testing of numerical data using statistical methods

   “Statistical analysis showed that the difference was not significant.”

7. 7

   research proposalnoun/rɪˈsɜːtʃ prəˈpəʊzəl/

   a document outlining the aims, questions, methods and plan for a research project

   “To apply for the grant he submitted a detailed research proposal.”

8. 8

   laboratory experimentscollocation/ləˈbɒrətri ɪkˈspɛrɪmənts/

   experiments carried out in a laboratory under controlled conditions

   “Laboratory experiments allowed the team to control temperature and humidity.”

9. 9

   control groupnoun/kənˈtrəʊl ɡruːp/

   the group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and is used for comparison

   “The control group received a placebo while the experimental group got the real drug.”

10. 10

    independent variablenoun/ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈvɛərɪəbəl/

    the factor that researchers change in an experiment to see its effect on another variable

    “The amount of sunlight was the independent variable in the plant experiment.”

11. 11

    dependent variablenoun/dɪˈpɛndənt ˈvɛərɪəbəl/

    the factor measured in a study that changes in response to the independent variable

    “Test scores were the dependent variable in the study of teaching methods.”

12. 12

    do researchcollocation/duː rɪˈsɜːtʃ/

    to study a topic, usually less formal phrasing than 'conduct research'

    “He does research on social media use among teenagers.”

13. 13

    ethical approvalnoun/ˈɛθɪkəl əˈpruːvəl/

    official permission from an ethics board to carry out research involving people or animals

    “They obtained ethical approval before starting interviews with students.”

14. 14

    scientific evidencecollocation/ˌsaɪənˈtɪf.ɪk ˈev.ɪ.dəns/

    data or information from scientific studies that support a claim or hypothesis

    “There is strong scientific evidence linking smoking to lung cancer.”

15. 15

    case studynoun phrase/ˈkeɪs ˈstʌdi/

    A detailed examination of a single person, group, or situation to understand it better.

    “The paper includes a case study of a small coastal town affected by flooding.”

16. 16

    conduct researchcollocation/kənˈdʌkt ˈriːsə(r)tʃ/

    to carry out scientific or systematic study into a subject

    “The university will conduct research on renewable energy next year.”

17. 17

    survey datanoun phrase/ˈsɜː(r)veɪ ˈdeɪtə/

    Information collected from questionnaires or surveys used to analyse people's opinions or behaviour.

    “We examined the survey data from 3,000 respondents to identify spending trends.”

18. 18

    carry out researchcollocation/ˌkær.i aʊt rɪˈsɜːtʃ/

    to perform or execute research activities or experiments

    “The NGO will carry out research to assess the program's impact.”

19. 19

    research findingscollocation/rɪˈsɜːtʃ ˈfaɪndɪŋz/

    the results or conclusions obtained from a study or investigation

    “The research findings suggest a link between diet and mood.”

20. 20

    peer-reviewed journalcollocation/pɪə rɪˈvjuːd ˈdʒɜːnl/

    an academic journal in which articles are evaluated by experts in the same field before publication

    “She published her study in a reputable peer-reviewed journal.”