grammar · neutral

noun + past participle (reduced relative clause)

Band 4-5task1task2speaking

Reduced relative clause (passive): using a past participle after a noun instead of a fuller relative clause with 'be' + past participle.

Examples

The students selected will present first.

A report published last month highlighted the issue.

The books donated to the school are very helpful.

Band 8 sentence

The policies drafted last year, now under review, reflect broader public concerns.

Collocations

  • students selected
  • data collected

Common mistakes

The student selected was late (when speaker means the student who selected someone).The student selected was late (if meaning 'the student who was selected').

The report written last year, it was useful.The report written last year was useful.

Say it for a higher band

5who/that + be + past participle6noun + being + past participle7+noun + past participle (reduced relative clause)

Easily confused

who/that + be + past participle

The students who were selected will present tomorrow.

Related words

Learn this word with the rest of its set, and get reminded at the right time.

In The passive

Learn it with its set