opening/closing frame · academic
Given + Noun/Gerund, + clause
Introduce a context or condition that explains the following statement.
Examples
“Given the rapid urbanisation, it is unsurprising that housing demand has risen.”
“Given rising healthcare costs, many families struggle to pay medical bills.”
“Given the evidence, the committee decided to postpone the project.”
Band 8 sentence
“Given the projected demographic shift, policymakers must prioritise long-term investment in elderly care.”
Collocations
- Given the budget cuts, many services were reduced
- Given the increasing demand, production has been expanded
Word family
Common mistakes
Given the population increase it is hard to find houses.→Given the population increase, it is hard to find houses.
Given of the higher costs, companies closed.→Given the higher costs, companies closed.
Say it for a higher band
5Because + clause→6Considering + Noun/Gerund, + clause→7+Given + Noun/Gerund, + clause
Synonyms
In light of + Noun/Gerund
Easily confused
Considering + Noun/Gerund
“Considering the weather, we decided not to go hiking.”
Related words
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In Opening & closing ideas
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