grammar frame · academic
be referred to as + noun
to be called or named in a particular way; used to introduce a term or label.
Examples
“This phenomenon is often referred to as 'the digital divide' in policy reports.”
“The process is referred to as decentralisation in the literature.”
“Such plants are commonly referred to as invasive species.”
Band 8 sentence
“In contemporary debates the phenomenon is frequently referred to as 'algorithmic bias', highlighting concerns about fairness in automated decisions.”
Collocations
- be referred to as + term/label/name
Common mistakes
is referred as→is referred to as
referred to the as→referred to as
Say it for a higher band
5be called + noun→6be known as + noun→7+be referred to as + noun
Synonyms
be called
Easily confused
be called + noun
“This substance is called a polymer.”
be known as + noun
“He is known as a pioneer in environmental law.”
Related words
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In The passive
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