Environment & Climate

20 words

1. 1

   carbon pricing mechanismscollocation

   methods of putting a price on carbon emissions, such as taxes or trading schemes, to encourage emission cuts

   “a national carbon tax”

2. 2

   environmental justicenoun phrase/ɪnˌvɪrənˈmɛntəl ˈdʒʌstɪs/

   the fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens among different communities.

   “Communities protested because they believed there was no environmental justice in the siting of the landfill.”

3. 3

   climate adaptation strategiescollocation

   plans and actions to help communities or ecosystems adjust to the effects of climate change

   “building flood defences”

4. 4

   net zero targetsnoun phrase/ˌnɛt ˈzɪərəʊ ˈtɑːɡɪts/

   official goals to balance greenhouse gas emissions with removals so that net emissions equal zero

   “Many countries have set ambitious net zero targets for 2050.”

5. 5

   sustainable supply chainscollocation

   supply networks designed to minimise environmental and social impacts from sourcing to distribution

   “using certified sustainable materials”

6. 6

   natural resource managementnoun phrase

   the sustainable management and use of natural resources like water, forests and minerals.

   “Effective natural resource management can prevent conflicts over water in dry regions.”

7. 7

   energy storage solutionscollocation/ˈɛnə(d)ʒi ˈstɔːrɪdʒ səˈluːʃənz/

   technologies or systems (batteries, pumped hydro, etc.) that store energy for later use

   “large battery farms”

8. 8

   climate financenoun phrase/ˈklaɪmət faɪˈnæns/

   money and financial services provided to support mitigation and adaptation to climate change

   “Developing countries need more climate finance to build resilient infrastructure.”

9. 9

   sustainable land managementnoun phrase

   practices that maintain land productivity and ecosystem functions over the long term, preventing degradation.

   “Sustainable land management practices can reduce soil erosion and improve crop yields.”

10. 10

    green infrastructurenoun phrase/ɡriːn ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃər/

    natural or nature-based systems in urban planning (parks, green roofs, permeable pavements) that provide environmental and social benefits

    “Cities invest in green infrastructure to reduce flooding and heat stress.”

11. 11

    ecosystem restoration projectsnoun phrase

    projects aimed at restoring the functions and biodiversity of degraded ecosystems.

    “The coastal ecosystem restoration project helped rebuild mangrove belts and improved fishery yields.”

12. 12

    sustainable consumption patternsnoun phrase

    ways of consuming goods and services that reduce environmental impact and are socially responsible

    “Promoting sustainable consumption patterns can significantly reduce waste.”

13. 13

    coastal erosion controlcollocation/ˈkəʊstəl ɪˈrəʊʒən kənˈtrəʊl/

    measures to prevent or reduce the wearing away of the coastline

    “building groynes and sea walls”

14. 14

    just transitioncollocation/dʒʌst trænˈzɪʃən/

    A fair shift from polluting industries to lower-emission activities that protects workers and vulnerable communities.

    “Many unions argue that a just transition must include retraining programmes for laid-off workers.”

15. 15

    carbon-intensive industriesnoun phrase

    sectors or industries that emit relatively large amounts of carbon dioxide per unit of output

    “Transitioning carbon-intensive industries is crucial to meet climate targets.”

16. 16

    transboundary pollutionnoun phrase/ˌtrænzˈbaʊndəri pəˈluːʃən/

    pollution that crosses national borders and affects neighbouring countries.

    “Acid rain caused by industrial emissions is a classic example of transboundary pollution.”

17. 17

    climate-induced migrationnoun phrase

    movement of people caused directly or indirectly by climate change impacts such as droughts, storms or sea-level rise

    “Rising sea levels are expected to cause climate-induced migration in low-lying areas.”

18. 18

    market-based incentivescollocation/ˈmɑːkɪt beɪst ɪnˈsɛntɪvz/

    Economic instruments that use market signals (taxes, subsidies, trading schemes) to encourage environmental improvements.

    “Policymakers prefer market-based incentives because they can change behaviour at lower cost.”

19. 19

    climate policy frameworknoun phrase/ˈklaɪmɪt ˈpɒlɪsi ˈfreɪmwɜːk/

    a set of policies, regulations and goals designed to address climate change.

    “A solid climate policy framework helps investors assess long-term risks and opportunities.”

20. 20

    permafrost thawcollocation/ˈpɜːməfrɒst θɔː/

    the melting of permanently frozen ground caused by rising temperatures

    “release of methane from permafrost thaw”