City & Urban life

20 words

1. 1

   land-use planningcollocation/ˌlændˈjuːs ˈplænɪŋ/

   The process of deciding how land should be used and organised in a city or region.

   “Comprehensive land-use planning can prevent urban sprawl and protect green areas.”

2. 2

   rural-to-urban migrationnoun phrase/ˌrʊrəl tuː ˈɜːbən maɪˈɡreɪʃən/

   The movement of people from rural areas into cities.

   “In many developing countries, rural-to-urban migration has fuelled the rapid growth of megacities.”

3. 3

   public realmcollocation/ˈpʌblɪk ˈriːlm/

   The shared outdoor spaces in a city where people gather, move and interact.

   “Improving the public realm can make streets safer and more attractive.”

4. 4

   compact citycollocation/ˌkɒmpækt ˈsɪti/

   An urban development model where the city grows more densely rather than spreading out.

   “Policymakers promote the compact city to reduce car dependence and preserve countryside.”

5. 5

   informal settlementsnoun phrase/ɪnˈfɔːməl ˈsɛtlmənts/

   Areas where housing has been built without formal planning or legal title, often lacking basic services.

   “Many informal settlements lack sanitation and secure tenure, which creates public-health challenges.”

6. 6

   infill developmentcollocation/ˌɪnˈfɪl dɪˈvɛləpmənt/

   Building new structures on vacant or underused parcels within existing urban areas.

   “Infill development helps make better use of existing infrastructure and can reduce sprawl.”

7. 7

   green infrastructurenoun phrase/ɡriːn ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃə/

   Networks of natural and semi-natural areas (parks, green roofs, wetlands) that provide environmental and social benefits in cities.

   “Installing green infrastructure like permeable pavements reduces flood risk in dense urban areas.”

8. 8

   mixed-income housingcollocation/ˌmɪkst ˈɪnkʌm ˈhaʊzɪŋ/

   Housing where people with different income levels live together in the same development.

   “Mixed-income housing schemes aim to integrate social groups and reduce segregation.”

9. 9

   gated communitycollocation/ˌɡeɪtɪd kəˈmjuːnəti/

   A residential area that is enclosed and has controlled access for residents.

   “Many upper‑middle‑class families prefer living in a gated community for security.”

10. 10

    urban resiliencenoun phrase/ˈɜːbən rɪˈzɪliəns/

    A city's ability to absorb, recover and adapt to shocks and stresses.

    “Improving urban resilience requires investment in green infrastructure and emergency planning.”

11. 11

    urban governancenoun phrase/ˈɜːbən ˈɡʌvənəns/

    The system of rules, institutions and practices through which a city is managed and governed.

    “Effective urban governance requires coordination between municipal departments and local communities.”

12. 12

    car-centric planningcollocation/kɑː ˈsentrɪk ˈplænɪŋ/

    urban planning that prioritizes private cars over pedestrians and public transport

    “Mid‑century car-centric planning led to wide roads and sparse sidewalks.”

13. 13

    slum clearancenoun phrase/slʌm ˈklɪərəns/

    The process of removing slum areas, often involving demolition and relocation of residents.

    “Past slum clearance programmes often displaced communities without providing adequate rehousing.”

14. 14

    satellite towncollocation/ˈsætəlaɪt taʊn/

    a smaller town built near a larger city that depends on and supports the city economically

    “The region developed several satellite towns to absorb population growth outside the metropolitan core.”

15. 15

    housing marketnoun phrase/ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈmɑːkɪt/

    The system and activity of buying and selling houses and flats in a particular area.

    “The housing market in the capital has cooled this year.”

16. 16

    social cohesionnoun phrase/ˈsəʊʃəl kəʊˈhiːʒən/

    The extent to which members of a society feel connected, trust one another, and cooperate.

    “High levels of social cohesion tend to reduce crime and increase community wellbeing.”

17. 17

    car ownershipnoun phrase/kɑː ˈəʊnəʃɪp/

    The fact or rate of people owning private cars in a given area.

    “Rising car ownership has increased demand for parking spaces.”

18. 18

    community servicesnoun phrase/kəˈmjuːnəti ˈsɜːvɪsɪz/

    Services provided to people in a local area, such as healthcare, education and waste collection.

    “Access to community services is poorer in remote rural areas.”

19. 19

    built environmentnoun phrase/ˈbɪlt ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

    The man-made physical surroundings in which people live and work, especially in towns and cities.

    “Designing the built environment well can promote healthier lifestyles.”

20. 20

    urban mobilitynoun phrase/ˈɜːbən məʊˈbɪlɪti/

    How easily people can move around a city using different modes of transport.

    “Improving urban mobility reduces commute times and pollution.”