grammar · academic
Without + noun, clause
Says what would happen if something did not exist or was not available.
Examples
“Without government funding, many research projects would stop.”
“Without her help, I couldn't have finished on time.”
“Without internet access, remote learning is almost impossible.”
Band 8 sentence
“Without targeted policies to reduce emissions, any improvement in air quality will be short-lived.”
Collocations
- Without + support
- Without + access to
Common mistakes
Without she help, I couldn't finish.→Without her help, I couldn't finish.
Without a support, the project failed.→Without support, the project failed.
Say it for a higher band
5If + subject + don't + V, clause→6Unless + clause→7+Without + noun, clause
Synonyms
If not for + noun
Easily confused
Unless + clause
“Unless she studies hard, she will fail the exam.”
If not for + noun
“If not for your advice, I would have made a worse decision.”
Related words
Learn this word with the rest of its set, and get reminded at the right time.
In Conditionals
Learn it with its set