grammar · academic

N + past participle (V3)

Band 4-5task2speaking

A reduced relative clause using the past participle to express passive meaning (e.g. the report written by her = the report that was written by her).

Examples

“The documents signed yesterday are on my desk.”

“Students accepted into the programme must submit forms.”

“The data collected from the survey support our conclusion.”

Band 8 sentence

“The proposals submitted last month have been thoroughly reviewed by the committee.”

Collocations

  • report written by
  • documents signed on

Common mistakes

The report who was written by her is good.→The report written by her is good.

The documents signed yesterday they are on my desk.→The documents signed yesterday are on my desk.

Say it for a higher band

5that was V3→6that V3→7+N + past participle (V3)

Easily confused

V3 reduced vs full passive clause

“The data collected by students were analysed.”

Related words

defining vs non-defining relative clauses (use of commas and that/which/who), who + Vthe + superlative + N + (that) + S + Veach of whom + V, which is why + S + VIndefinite pronouns + who/that + V (someone/anyone/anything + who/that)the majority of + N + who + Vthose who + V

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In Relative clauses

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