Topic vocabulary
City & Urban life
Band 6-7The full list of 20 words in this set. Open any word for its pronunciation, collocations, a band 8 sentence and the mistakes Vietnamese learners make.
Learn this set with flashcards20 words
- 1
developmentnoun/dɪˈvɛləpmənt/
the process of growing or improving a place, project, or system, often through building or investment
“The city's rapid development created both jobs and congestion.”
- 2
sustainabilitynoun/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti/
the quality of being able to continue over a long time without causing damage to the environment or depleting resources
“Environmental sustainability is a key theme in many Task 2 essays.”
- 3
accessibilitynoun/əkˌsɛsɪˈbɪlɪti/
how easy it is for people to reach, use, or obtain a service, place, or information
“Accessibility to public transport affects employment opportunities for low-income residents.”
- 4
urbanadj/ˈɜːbən/
relating to towns and cities
“Many young people prefer urban living because of job opportunities and nightlife.”
- 5
renewalnoun/rɪˈnjuːəl/
the process of improving or making something new again, often an area or system
“Urban renewal projects often replace old housing with mixed-use developments.”
- 6
renovationnoun/ˌrɛnəˈveɪʃən/
the action of repairing, improving, or modernizing a building or structure
“The library closed for renovation last summer.”
- 7
maintenancenoun/ˈmeɪntənəns/
the work of keeping something in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly
“Regular maintenance of roads prevents accidents and costly repairs later.”
- 8
pedestriannoun / adj/pəˈdɛstrɪən/
a person walking rather than travelling in a vehicle; relating to people walking
“Drivers must always give way to pedestrians at crossings.”
- 9
metropolisnoun/məˈtrɒpəlɪs/
a very large and important city, often a central economic or cultural hub
“Beijing is a sprawling metropolis with a complex public transport network.”
- 10
relocationnoun/ˌriːləʊˈkeɪʃən/
the process of moving people or businesses to a different place, often because of development or redevelopment
“Relocation of households was necessary to build the new highway.”
- 11
municipaladj/mjuːˈnɪsɪpəl/
relating to local government or a town/city
“Municipal budgets are often stretched by rising maintenance costs.”
- 12
tenurenoun/ˈtɛnjə/
the conditions under which land or buildings are held, or the period during which someone holds an office or property
“Secure tenure helps tenants invest in maintaining their homes.”
- 13
revitaliseverb/rɪˈvaɪtəlaɪz/
to make an area, economy, or community lively and successful again
“The city council plans to revitalise the old docklands to attract new businesses.”
- 14
gentrificationnoun/ˌdʒɛntrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
The process by which wealthier people move into a poorer area, raising property values and often displacing the original residents.
“Many long-term residents complained that gentrification had made the neighbourhood unaffordable.”
- 15
proximitynoun/prɒkˈsɪməti/
The state of being near in space, time, or relationship; nearness.
“The apartment's proximity to the metro makes it attractive to commuters.”
- 16
brownfieldnoun/ˈbraʊnfiːld/
land that was previously developed (often industrial) and is now unused or derelict
“The council prioritised brownfield regeneration to avoid building on the green belt.”
- 17
overcrowdingnoun/ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪŋ/
The state of having too many people in a place or using a service, beyond what is safe or comfortable.
“Overcrowding on peak-hour trains creates safety concerns.”
- 18
influxnoun/ˈɪnflʌks/
A large arrival or incoming of people or things into a place over a short period.
“The city saw an influx of tourists during the festival.”
- 19
zoningnoun/ˈzəʊnɪŋ/
Rules or laws that divide a city into areas designated for particular uses, such as residential or commercial.
“Strict zoning prevents factories from being built next to schools.”
- 20
tenementnoun/ˈtɛnɪmənt/
A large building divided into small, often poor-quality apartments, typically occupied by low-income people.
“Many families lived in tenements near the industrial area.”